The collapse of the prime minister’s high-stakes efforts to transform ties with the world’s two superpowers has exposed the limits of India’s leverage.

Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke to the leaders of China, India and three ex-Soviet states on Friday in a flurry of calls to brief them on his contacts with the United States about the war in Ukraine.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi talked trade with his Brazilian counterpart and is expected to head to China for the first time in seven years in August, against the backdrop of worsening ties with the US.