At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), difference equations and dynamical systems provide complementary frameworks for modelling the evolution of quantities in continuous or discrete time. ODEs ...

Nonlinear dynamical systems are systems that can undergo sudden shifts not due to changes in their state or stability, but in response to the rate at which external conditions or parameters change.