A new study from the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience brings together two schools of thought on the function of the neurotransmitter dopamine: one saying that dopamine provides a learning signal ...

Operant conditioning is a theory that explains how behaviors are influenced by their consequences or results. It’s often used today to help people adopt new behaviors or change old habits. If you’ve ...

Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) exploit the adaptability of the brain to modify cortical circuits for the purpose of controlling neuroprosthetic devices 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. BMIs that explicitly use ...

Operant conditioning is a learning method that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. It involves forming an association between a behavior and its consequences. Whether that consequence is ...

Our past experience is one of the primary sources of information when faced with a choice. We ask ourselves: "what will happen if I do this?"Accurately predicting the consequences of our actions is ...