Indias once-comfortable external sector is fraying as dollars drain, the rupee weakens, and stable FDI gives way to fickle ...

The concept of balance-of-payments-constrained economic growth has long served as a vital framework for understanding how external imbalances can limit long-run economic expansion. This approach ...

The IMF’s surveillance cycle for China is wrapping up, and at least judging from the press release, China’s balance of payments was not a focus of the conversation. That is unfortunate. I, of course, ...

Blog posts represent the views of CFR fellows and staff and not those of CFR, which takes no institutional positions. For better or for worse, I have been trying to track the evolution of the foreign ...

Nigeria’s external sector is experiencing a notable turnaround, underpinned by a series of strategic reforms in the financial and macroeconomic landscape. Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) ...

Following two consecutive years of external deficits, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has announced a surplus of $6.83 billion in Nigeria’s Balance of Payments (BOP) for the 2024 financial year.

Nigeria recorded a significant turnaround in its external sector position in the third quarter of 2025, posting a Balance of Payments (BOP) surplus of $4.60 billion, as sweeping reforms by the Central ...